Bioteknologi Modern

Bioteknologi modern merupakan bioteknologi yang menggunakan teknik dan peralatan canggih. Dalam bioteknologi ini dilakukan manipulasi pada susunan gen dalam kromsom makhluk hidup yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu Biotek Modern sangat terkait dengan yang namanya Rekayasa genetika.

Rekayasa Genetika bertujuan untuk menghasilkan organisme transgenik, yakni organisme yang susunan gen nya telah diubah sehingga memiliki sifat yang dikehendaki manusia.

1. Ciri-Ciri Bioteknologi Modern

a. Biaya produksi relatif mahal
b. Hasilnya dapat diperhitungkan
c. Memerlukan teknologi dan peralatan yang  canggih
d. Pengaruh jangka panjang belum diketahui
e. Perbaikan sifat genetik dapat dilakukan      secara terarah
f. Menghasilkan organisme yang sifatnya          barunya tidak ada dalam sifat aslinya

2. Penerapan Bioteknologi Modern

a. Penerapan dalam bidang pangan
- Padi transgenik, misalnya padi golden rice. padi tersebut dinamakan golden rice karena bulir padinya yang berwarna kuning yang mengandung beta karoten.

- Jagung Transgenik, misalnya jagung Bt. Jagung Bt merupakan tanaman jagung yang tahan hama. Sifat ketahanan hama diperoleh dari bakteri Bacillus thuringiensis.

- Tomat Transgenik, misalnya tomat flavr savr. Tomat ini merupakan hasil rekayasa genetika untuk memperolrh daya hidup yang lama. untuk memperolehnya diberi gen antibeku dari ikan flounder kedalam gen tomat.

- Kedelai Transgenik, misalnya Kedelai anti herbisida. Dimasukan gen resistan herbisida yang berasal dari bakteri agrobacterium tumefaciens

b. Penerapan dalam bidang kesehatan
- Antibiotik, merupakan zat kimia yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme terutama bakteri dan jamur, yang dapat membunuh mikroorganisme lainya

- Insulin, diperoleh untuk membantu mengatasi penyakit diabetes.

c. Penerapan dalam bidang pertanian
- Tanaman anti serangga
- Biofertilizer

d. Penerapan dalam bidang kesehatan
- Bacillus subtilis , dapat memisahkan logam berat dalam limbah industri

- Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, menangani limbah pertambangan batu bara

- Pseudomonas putida, mengurai minyak bumi pada air laut pada pengeboran minyak.




Huha😅
lanjutan blog sebelumnya... 
i hope it could be usefull

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